Grape (Vitis vinifera) is one of the most important and valuable fruits in the world, and Iran is considered one of the centers of origin and distribution of this precious plant. Weeds cause disturbances in grape harvesting and significantly reduce yield by competing for water, nutrients, and sunlight. The damage caused by weeds is more pronounced in newly established vineyards due to the weak growth of young vines. Prevention, manual weeding, mechanical control, solarization, mulching, flame weeding, and chemical control are among the methods that can be used for weed management in vineyards. However, the first and most crucial step in weed control is identifying the weed species. Without proper identification, applying these control methods may be ineffective or even counterproductive. Studies indicate that perennial weed damage is more significant than that caused by broadleaf and narrowleaf annual weeds. For controlling narrowleaf weeds, the following herbicides can be used per hectare:
Finally, for perennial weed management, glyphosate (5 liters per hectare) can be used in a directed application (with protection to prevent damage to grapevines) and as a spot treatment in early autumn or early spring. This should be mixed with 2% ammonium sulfate and Frigate at a concentration of 5 per thousand.
)
)